Proper tree planting and staking ensures healthy, stable root growth.

Investing some time and resources to get planting trees right is well worthwhile. Staking newly planted large trees might be necessary to prevent movement which can tear new roots and slow down establishment.

The ideal tree planting season typically runs from October to April. Autumn is particularly effective, as soils are still warm and moist. Always select healthy nursery stock from a reputable source. Don’t judge a tree solely by its appearance above ground. If it’s in a container, check that the roots are healthy and not pot bound.

Planting

An ideal planting hole should be:

  • Shallow but wide

  • Square rather than round

  • Filled with the original excavated soil (no added compost)

Note, correct planting depth is critical. One of the most common reasons young trees fail is because they are planted too deeply, with soil covering the nursery line or root collar.

Staking

Some trees will need to be staked. Stake trees at the time of planting and replace stakes if they fail. Check stakes and ties annually to ensure tree ties are not too tight, which can damage the trunk. Also, replace any ties that have frayed or broken.

Once a tee can stand upright without bending or shifting the soil as its base, the stakes should be removed. This usually takes 18 months to 2 years but may take longer for semi-mature trees or those on weak rootstocks. Key staking guidelines include:

  • All but the smallest trees benefit from staking, as do many tall or top-heavy shrubs.

  • A single angled stake is suitable for most young trees.

  • Stakes should allow some movement in the wind to help strengthen the trunk.

  • Stakes should be driven by least 40 cm (16 inches) into the soil for proper support.

  • Use tree ties with spaces to prevent the trunk from rubbing against the stake.

  • Trees should have a strong enough stem to stand without the support of a cane.